Chemical bonding Class 11 Notes

Complete Notes of chemical bonding and exercise questions and answersBy Etoos India.



          CHEMICAL BONDING.         

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CHEMICAL BOND :(I) A force that acts between two or more atoms to hold them together as a stable molecule. (II) It is union of two or more atoms involving redistribution of eñ among them. (III) This process accompanied by decrease in energy. (IV) Decrease in energy  Strength of the bond. (V) Therefore molecules are more stable than atoms. 
CAUSE OF CHEMICAL COMBINATION1. Tendency to acquire minimum energy :(I) When two atoms approaches to each other. Nucleus of one atom attracts the electron of another atom. (II) Two nuclei and electron of both the atoms repells each other. (III) If net result is attraction, the total energy of the system (molecule) decreases and a chemicalbond forms. (IV) So Attraction  1/energy  Stability. (V) Bond formation is an exothermic process2. Tendency to acquire noble gas configuration :(I) Atom combines to acquire noble gas configuration. (II) Only outermost electron i.e. ns, np and (n-1)d electrons participate in bond formation. (III) Inert gas elements do not participate, as they have stable electronic configuration and hence minimumenergy. (Stable configuration 1s2 or ns2np6)CLASSIFICATION OF BONDS :CHEMICAL BONDS(A)Ionic bond(Energy 200 KJ/mole)(B)Covalentbond(C)Co-ordinatebond(D)Metalic bondSTRONG BOND(Inter atomic)(E)Hydrogenbond(Energy 2 - 40 KJ/mole)(F)Vander waal's bondWEAK BOND(Inter Molecular)(10 - 40 KJ) (2 - 10 KJ)ELECTROVALENT OR IONIC BOND :(I) The chemical bond formed between two or more atoms as a result of the complete transfer of one ormore electrons from one atom to another is called Ionic or electrovalent bond. (II) Electro +ve atom loses electron (group IA to IIIA)(III) Electro ñve atom gains electron (group VA to VIIA)(IV) Electrostatic force of attraction between cation and anion is called ionic bond or electrovalent bond. Electronegativity difference  nature of ionic bond. Example IA and VIIA group elements form maximum ionic compound. Na2, 8, 1+ Cl2, 8, 71eñ  Na2, 8+ + Cl2, 8, 8ñ(Ne configuration) (Ar configuration)
(V) More the distance between two elements in periodic table more will be ionic character of bond.